What do you know about rosmarinic acid?

Rosmarinic acid is a water-soluble natural phenolic acid compound isolated from rosemary, a plant of the Lamiaceae family. Among the various plants of the Umbelliferae, the highest content is especially in the Lamiaceae and the comfrey. Rosmarinic acid is a natural antioxidant with strong antioxidant activity. Its antioxidant activity is stronger than vitamin E, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, folic acid, etc. It helps prevent cell damage caused by free radicals, The risk of cancer and arteriosclerosis is thus reduced.

Description:

 Rosmarinic acid is a natural polyphenol with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.

Target:

IC50: 50.1 μM (MAO-A), 184.6 μM (MAO-B), 26.7 μM (COMT)

In Vitro Studies :

Rosmarinic acid (RA) exhibits multifunctional properties in vitro, characterized by antioxidant effects, and monoamine oxidase (MAO-A and MAO-B) and catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) inhibition. Rosmarinic acid has antioxidant effects against hydroxyl (HO(●)) and nitric oxide (NO) radicals (IC50 of 29.4 and 140 μM, respectively), and inhibits lipid peroxidation (IC50 of 19.6 μM) [1]. Rosmarinic acid (RA) exerts significant cytoprotective effects by scavenging intracellular ROS induced by UVB. In H2O2-treated cells, 2.5 μM rosmarinic acid scavenged 60% of intracellular ROS, compared to 77% of intracellular ROS scavenging N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC).

In vivo studies：

Rosmarinic acid (RA) is a phenolic ester compound widely found in plants, especially those in the Lamiaceae family, such as rosemary (Rosmarinus officinali), Salvia miltiorrhiza and Prunella vulgaris . Rosmarinic acid inhibits dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colonic inflammation in mice through dual inhibition of NF-κB and STAT3 activation. In a DSS-induced colitis model, rosmarinic acid (30,60 mg/kg, po) treatment significantly attenuated cytokine production.

Solubility:

in vitro:DMSO: ≥30 mg/mL (83.26 mM), "≥" means soluble, but the saturation is unknown.

Stock solution:

1 mM 2.7754 mL 13.8769 mL 27.7539 mL

5 mM 0.5551 mL 2.7754 mL 5.5508 mL

10 mM 0.2775 mL 1.3877 mL 2.7754 mL

Cellular experiments:

 Human keratinocytes (HaCaT cells) were treated with rosmarinic acid (0.625, 1.25, 2.5 or 5 μM) and exposed to UVB radiation after 1 h. They were then incubated at 37°C for 48 hours. At this point, MTT was added to each well to obtain a total reaction volume of 200 μL. After 4 hours of incubation, the supernatant was removed by aspiration. Dissolve the formazan crystals in each well in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO; 150 μL) and measure the absorbance at 540 nm on a scanning porous spectrophotometer.

Animal experiments :Mice were induced experimental colitis by giving mice free access to water containing 5% (w/v) DSS for 7 days. Mice in each group were carefully monitored daily to confirm that they had consumed approximately equal volumes of water containing DSS. For each experiment, mice were divided into five experimental groups (n = 10/group). The first group remained the vehicle-treated control, and the second group was given DSS drinking water only during the experiment. The other three groups consisted of mice receiving 5% DSS, administered 5-ASA (75 mg/kg/day orally) or rosmarinic acid (30 or 60 mg/kg/day orally) daily for 7 days. The control group was given vehicle daily for 7 days, as appropriate. Administration of each drug was started at the same time as DSS treatment.

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